
Force of an air cylinder is calculated by using the following formula:
Force= Area of the cylinder times the pressure in PSI.
Here is the piston area of the most common cylinder. All you have to do is multiply this number by the pressure you are using.
Bore Piston Area
1 ½” 1.77
2” 3.14
2 ½” 4.91
3 ¼” 8.30
4” 12.57
5” 19.64
6” 28.27
7” 38.49
8” 50.26
10” 78.54
12” 113.10
No, you will have to subtract the area of the rod from the piston area to figure the retract force of the cylinder.
Here is the area of the most common used rods.
Rod Area
5/8” .307
1” .785
1 3/8” 1.485
1 ¾” 2.404
2” 3.142
2 ½” 4.909
No, because air is compressible, you will have to use a percentage of the calculated value to get smooth movement of the cylinder when moving the load. What percentage you use is a judgment call base on how the cylinder is being used. 60 % is a good place to start, or go to the next bore size larger them what you calculated.